MOTIVATION AND PERSONAL BRANDING ON SOCIAL MEDIA: FREELANCE TRANSLATOR IN IRAQ CONTEXT

Received: 01st August 2023; Revised: 14th December 2023, 21st December 2023; Accepted: 22nd December 2023

Authors

  • Hemn Mohammed Ali Mahmood MA Degree, ESP Department, National Institute of Technology, Sulaymani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of English language and literature, University of Halabja, KRG.Iraq. Verified

Keywords:

Social Media, Personal Branding, Freelance Translator, Virtual Identity, Qualitative Study

Abstract

Social media platforms offer a viable means for freelance translators to connect with a larger pool of potential clients and serve as a critical source for personal brand development. Despite its potential, the use of social media for personal branding among freelance translators remains an understudied area in literature. To address this gap, this study aims to examine the motivations behind freelance translators' use of social media platforms, utilizing the uses and gratification theory, and identify critical profile features for personal branding. This qualitative study employed a two-tier approach, involving interviews with seven seasoned freelance translators to explore their motivations for using social media and their perceptions of the key features of effective personal branding. The study's second phase entailed a thematic analysis of the top ten profiles on Upwork to identify profile features employed by successful translators and compare these with the data gleaned from the interviews. The findings suggest that establishing a professional profile is a critical factor in securing more job opportunities, with a higher likelihood of success for those with a polished profile.

References

Adams, N. Y. 2013. The Little Book of Social Media Marketing For Translators. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Bang, E. 2019. An Analysis of Upwork Profiles: Visualizing Characteristics of Gig Workers using Digital Platform.

Barley, S. R., Bechky, B. A. & Milliken, F. J. 2017. The changing nature of work: Careers, identities, and work lives in the 21st century. Academy of Management Briarcliff Manor, NY. https://doi.org/10.5465/amd.2017.0034

Baskarada, S. 2014. Qualitative case study guidelines. Baškarada, S.(2014). Qualitative case studies guidelines. The Qualitative Report, 19, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2014.1008

Brandtzæg, P. B. & Heim, J. Why people use social networking sites. International conference on online communities and social computing, 2009. Springer, 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02774-1_16

Brems, C., Temmerman, M., Graham, T. & Broersma, M. 2017. Personal Branding on Twitter: How employed and freelance journalists stage themselves on social media. Digital Journalism, 5, 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1176534

Caers, R. & Castelyns, V. 2011. LinkedIn and Facebook in Belgium: The influences and biases of social network sites in recruitment and selection procedures. Social Science Computer Review, 29, 437-448. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439310386567

Cappelli, P. & Keller, J. R. 2013. Classifying work in the new economy. Academy of Management Review, 38, 575-596. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2011.0302

Chiang, J. K.-H. & Suen, H.-Y. 2015. Self-presentation and hiring recommendations in online communities: Lessons from LinkedIn. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 516-524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.017

Coffey, A. & Atkinson, P. 1996. Making sense of qualitative data: Complementary research strategies, Sage Publications, Inc.

Davison, H. K., Maraist, C. & Bing, M. N. 2011. Friend or foe? The promise and pitfalls of using social networking sites for HR decisions. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, 153-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9215-8

Desjardins, R. 2017. Translation and Social Media in Theory, in Training and in Professional Practice. Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52255-9_5

Diaz-Ortiz, C. 2019. Social Media success for every brand. Nashville, TN.: HarperCollins Leadership.

Dunn, M., Stephany, F., Sawyer, S., Munoz, I., Raheja, R., Vaccaro, G. & Lehdonvirta, V. 2020. When Motivation Becomes Desperation: Online Freelancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/67ptf

Friedman, L. 2017. The Beginner's Guide to Personal Branding. Kindle Edition ed.

Gandini, A. 2016a. Digital work: Self-branding and social capital in the freelance knowledge economy. Marketing theory, 16, 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593115607942

Giannakos, M. N., Chorianopoulos, K., Giotopoulos, K. & Vlamos, P. 2013. Using Facebook out of habit. Behaviour & Information Technology, 32, 594-602. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2012.659218

Goffman, E. 1978. The presentation of self in everyday life. London: Harmondsworth.

Green, D., Walker, C., Alabulththim, A., Smith, D. & Phillips, M. 2018. Fueling the Gig Economy: A Case Study Evaluation of Upwork.com. Management and Economics Research Journal, 04, 104. https://doi.org/10.18639/MERJ.2018.04.523634

Green, D. D. 2018. Fueling the gig economy: a case study evaluation of Upwork. com. Manag Econ Res J, 4, 3399.

Guide, C. 2020. How to Write a Professional Profile [Online]. Available: https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/resumes-cover-letters/how-to-write-a-professional-profile [Accessed].

Hansen, J. M. & Levin, M. A. 2016. The effect of apathetic motivation on employees' intentions to use social media for businesses. Journal of Business Research, 69, 6058-6066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.06.009

Hippler, K. 2018. 8+ Tips to Help You Create a Profile That Stands Out [Online]. Available: https://www.upwork.com/blog/2018/09/tips-upwork-profile/ [Accessed February 1st, 2020].

Horváth, I. 2016. The Modern Translator and Interpreter. In: Gaborják, Á. (ed.). Eötvös Loránd University.

Ikenberry, J. 2010. How technology has changed (and will change) higher education employee recruitment. Metropolitan Universities, 21, 45-53.

Jason, L. & Cavanaugh, T. 2016. Building your brand: The integration of infographic resume as student self-analysis tools and self-branding resources. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 18, 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2016.03.001

Johnson, K. 2017. The importance of personal branding in social media: educating students to create and manage their personal brand. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 4, 21-27.

Kaputa, C. 2012. You Are A Brand! Second Edition ed. Boston. London.

Katerattanakul, P. 2002. Framework of effective web site design for business-to-consumer internet commerce. INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 40, 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/03155986.2002.11732641

Katz, E. & Blumler, J. G. 1974. The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratifications research. https://doi.org/10.1086/268109

Kazi, A. G., Yusoff, R. M., Khan, A. & Kazi, S. 2014. The freelancer: A conceptual review. Sains Humanika, 2.

Kushner, S. 2013. The freelance translation machine: Algorithmic culture and the invisible industry. New Media & Society, 15, 1241-1258. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812469597

Kuss, D. J. & Griffiths, M. D. 2011. Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8, 3528-3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528

Labrecque, L. I., Markos, E. & Milne, G. R. 2011. Online personal branding: Processes, challenges, and implications. Journal of interactive marketing, 25, 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2010.09.002

Lair, D. J., Sullivan, K. & Cheney, G. 2005. Marketization and the recasting of the professional self: The rhetoric and ethics of personal branding. Management communication quarterly, 18, 307-343. https://doi.org/10.1177/0893318904270744

Leftheriotis, I. & Giannakos, M. N. 2014. Using social media for work: Losing your time or improving your work? Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 134-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.10.016

Linkedin. 2021. About LinkedIn [Online]. Available: https://about.linkedin.com/?lr=1 [Accessed August 21st, 2021].

Luo, X. 2002. Uses and gratifications theory and e-consumer behaviors: A structural equation modeling study. Journal of Interactive advertising, 2, 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2002.10722060

Madera, J. M. 2012. Using social networking websites as a selection tool: The role of selection process fairness and job pursuit intentions. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 31, 1276-1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2012.03.008

Mahmood, H. M. A. 2023. Filtering Out Ageism: Unveiling Instagram's Reinforcement of Negative Stereotypes of Ageing. Journal of Philology and Educational Sciences, 2, 12-28. https://doi.org/10.53898/jpes2023212

Malita, L. 2011. Social media time management tools and tips. Procedia Computer Science, 3, 747-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2010.12.123

Mccabe, M. B. 2017. Social media marketing strategies for career advancement: An analysis of LinkedIn. Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 85.

Pachter, B. 2014. 9 Guidelines for Posting Your Photograph on Social Media Sites.

Photofeeler. 2014. New Research Study Breaks Down “The Perfect Profile Photo” [Online]. Available: https://blog.photofeeler.com/perfect-photo/ [Accessed].

Popiel, P. 2017. “Boundaryless” in the creative economy: assessing freelancing on Upwork. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 34, 220-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295036.2017.1282618

Proz.com. 2021. www.proz.com/ [Online]. Available: https://www.proz.com/ [Accessed].

Richard, I. A. 1953. Toward a Theory of Translating Studies in Chinese Thought. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Ruggiero, T. E. 2000. Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass communication & society, 3, 3-37. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02

Sachin, S. 2009. Case analysis I. Vikalpa.

Sawyer, S., Dunn, M., Munoz, I., Stephany, F., Raheja, R., Vaccaro, G. & Lehdonvirta, V. 2020. Freelancing online during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Shamami, M. R. H. 2012. Some Major Steps to Translation and Translator. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 1, 242-246. https://doi.org/10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.5p.242

Shandrow, K. L. 2013. Three ways you might be screwing up your LinkedIn profile and how to avoid them. [Online]. Available: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/229997 [Accessed July 05, 2020].

Stanford, J. 2017. The resurgence of gig work: Historical and theoretical perspectives. The Economic and Labour Relations Review, 28, 382-401. https://doi.org/10.1177/1035304617724303

Stratten, S. & Stratten, A. 2018. Unbranding 100 branding lessons for the age of disruption, Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley & Sons.

Tifferet, S. & Vilnai-Yavetz, I. 2014. Gender differences in Facebook self-presentation: An international randomized study. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 388-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.016

Tifferet, S. & Vilnai-Yavetz, I. 2018. Self-presentation in LinkedIn portraits: Common features, gender, and occupational differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 33-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.10.013

Upwork.com. 2020. About Us [Online]. Available: https://www.upwork.com/about/ [Accessed March, 23. 2020].

Downloads

Published

2024-03-15